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After 25 years of continuous accumulation, Beidou has launched a comprehensive sprint towards global networking
创始人2019-10-08
At 5:10 am on September 23, 2019, China successfully launched the 47th and 48th Beidou navigation satellites from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center using a "one rocket, two satellites" approach.This launch officially kicked off the high-density launch of Beidou-3 from a basic system to a complete system.Since the launch of the Beidou-1 system project in 1994, China's Beidou has been forging ahead and following the "three-step" development strategy, forging an innovative development path suitable for China's national conditions.Nowadays, Beidou has become an important force that cannot be ignored in the global satellite navigation system. Facing global networking, Beidou has launched a comprehensive sprint. In the future, China's Beidou satellite navigation system will work side by side with other satellite navigation systems to provide more accurate, stable, and reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services, becoming a major public service space infrastructure for the world and making "China's contribution" to building a community with a shared future for mankind.Grab into the 'Navigation Club' before closing the doorIn the Gulf War of 1990, precision strike weapons equipped with GPS were first used on a large scale, and their combat effectiveness shocked the world.If missiles are guns, atomic bombs are bombs, and satellite navigation is precision sights. As early as the 1970s, Chinese astronauts launched the "Lighthouse One" project for exploration, but due to economic and technological difficulties, the project was forced to be cancelled.But the Chinese people's determination to build a satellite navigation system has not wavered. Through continuous exploration, China has gradually formed a "three-step" strategy from building the Beidou-1 experimental system, to the Beidou-2 regional navigation system, and then to the Beidou-3 global system.In 2000, China launched two geostationary orbit Beidou satellites, creatively achieving dual star active positioning while providing timing and short message communication services. This plan utilizes existing mature technologies in China to achieve autonomous and controllable satellite navigation system construction with minimal investment and shortest cycle.When the Beidou-1 project was launched, the United States GPS and Russia GLONASS had already launched more than 20 navigation satellites, occupying the most suitable golden frequency band for satellite navigation. China and the European Union, which are building the Galileo system, are pushing the International Telecommunication Union to carve out a small segment from the aviation navigation frequency band for use. On April 18, 2000, both the Beidou and Galileo systems were declared simultaneously. According to the rules of the International Telecommunication Union, navigation satellites must be launched within 7 years and successfully transmit and receive corresponding frequency signals in order to obtain the orbital position and frequency resources, otherwise they cannot obtain legal status.In 2005, the European Union launched its first Galileo navigation satellite. At this time, although China has launched three Beidou experimental satellites, they do not have the ability to actively transmit downlink signals. The Beidou-2 satellite, which complies with the rules of the International Telecommunication Union, is still under development and time is tight.The Beidou team fought a last ditch battle, reversing the construction period and greatly shortening the development cycle. At the same time, the Xichang Satellite Launch Center has also overcome multiple challenges such as the first use of newly renovated launch stations, the first use of remote control mode, and the first launch of a medium circular orbit satellite. In response to this mission, it has analyzed risks, formulated measures, and controlled nodes, and made solid preparations.At 4:11 am on April 14, 2007, the Beidou satellite, which carried an important mission, took off and transmitted signals back at around 20:00 on April 17. At this moment. There are less than 4 hours left until the "seven-year deadline" of the International Telecommunication Union.Pioneering hybrid navigation constellationsGPS and other satellite navigation systems adopt a single orbit constellation configuration, and all networked satellites operate in a medium circular orbit at an altitude of 20000 kilometers.But the Beidou system cannot establish ground measurement and control stations around the world like GPS. Yang Hui, the chief designer of the Beidou-2 project satellite system, said that due to the limitations of the national territory, Beidou must create a constellation that can be managed within the national territory. Therefore, a mixed network of high and medium orbit satellites must be adopted. But this faces a series of global challenges.Through unremitting efforts, the Beidou team has solved the problems of attitude control and high-precision temperature control for high orbit navigation satellites, improving the accuracy, continuity, and availability of system services. At the end of 2012, the Beidou-2 regional satellite navigation system, consisting of 14 satellites, was completed, providing positioning, navigation, and timing services for most of the Asia Pacific region around the clock.Beidou-2 is the first synchronous orbit navigation satellite internationally, and also the first hybrid navigation constellation with geostationary orbit satellites, inclined geostationary orbit satellites as the backbone, and medium orbit satellites, "said Li Zuhong, former deputy chief designer of the project and senior consultant of the Beidou system. For regional navigation systems, this combination can achieve the best coverage effect with the least number of satellites and has gained international recognition.At the same time as the construction of the Beidou-2 project, China launched the construction of the Beidou-3 global system in 2009.Traveling wave tube amplifier is a key component of communication satellites, which has long relied on imports. In 2014, while China was developing the Beidou-3 experimental satellite, the foreign party suddenly notified that the supply would be suspended due to government reasons.However, the Beidou team has long recognized the importance of localization for the construction and stable operation of the Beidou system. At the same time as the construction of the Beidou-3 system was launched, the Fifth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation collaborated with multiple domestic units to carry out technical research and development on the localization of key components such as traveling wave tube amplifiers.The foreign party learned that China has made a breakthrough in the research and development of traveling wave tube amplifier technology. After the Beidou team decided to replace imported products with domestic ones, they quickly expressed their willingness to supply and reduced the price by half. This has allowed the Beidou team to taste the sweetness of having the core in hand, and has further strengthened their determination to take the path of localization.After years of hard work, relying on imported key products such as traveling wave tube amplifier components, microwave switches, high-power power controllers, momentum wheel components, star sensors, etc. for a long time, all main and backup components have been domestically produced. The localization rate of Beidou-3 satellite components has reached 100%.China's Beidou opens its mind to the worldOn February 28, 2017, China's first independently developed "meter level fast positioning Beidou chip" was officially launched, achieving independent controllability of basic products and reaching the international advanced level.The vast majority of smartphones around the world have already adopted chips that support Beidou, "said Ran Chengqi, director of the China Satellite Navigation System Management Office, at a press conference held by the State Council Information Office on December 27, 2018. The Beidou system has entered the 3GPP International Mobile Communications Organization.In addition to the "Beidou core", China's Beidou has also formed a complete industrial chain consisting of basic products, application terminals, application systems, and operational services. Beidou has been standardized and used in key industries and key fields in the country, and has been applied on a large scale in the field of mass consumption.According to statistics, the domestic satellite navigation industry's output value exceeded 300 billion yuan in 2018; It is expected that by 2020, the scale of China's satellite navigation industry will exceed 400 billion yuan, and Beidou will drive a market share of over 300 billion yuan.As of April 2019, more than 6.2 million operating vehicles, 30000 postal and express delivery vehicles, approximately 80000 buses in 36 cities, over 3200 inland navigation facilities, and more than 2900 maritime navigation facilities in China have applied the Beidou system, serving over 50000 agricultural machinery and equipment, and promoting over 45000 Beidou terminalsWith the integration and application of emerging technologies and industrial models such as Internet plus, 5G, artificial intelligence and sharing economy, satellite navigation technology has also spawned new economic development models and new industrial development formats such as precision agriculture, precision logistics, automatic driving, intelligent transportation, and smart cities, which are integrating into all aspects of society with unprecedented depth and breadth.In today's world, GPS、 The four major satellite navigation systems, Beidou, GLONASS, and Galileo, compete fiercely. How to view the relationship with other navigation systems? At the beginning of its construction, the Beidou system provided the answer: to always practice the concept of "China's Beidou, the world's Beidou", to be compatible and develop together with other satellite navigation systems, and to benefit the global "family".Nowadays, China's Beidou has opened its mind and is waiting for the world's acceptance.
