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    Sun Jiadong: The Legend Behind the Legend of "Stars and Moon" (Part 1)
    创始人2018-05-04
    Youth study hard, youth take responsibility, you are the backbone of the country. Missiles, satellites, Chang'e, Beidou. The stars are shining brightly, write your legend. As we pass the age of youth, we still send deep affection to the sky On the evening of February 8th Beijing time, CCTV broadcasted the Touching China 2016 Person of the Year Award Ceremony. This is the award speech of Sun Jiadong, a scientist who made outstanding contributions to China's aerospace industry among the top ten annual figures who moved China in 2016. As the youngest; The founding father of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" program, as well as the oldest chief designer of satellite engineering and the chief designer of the first phase of lunar exploration, I believe many people have heard of his name. What kind of relationship does Sun Jiadong have with China's "Star Moon" industry? How could he devote himself to the aerospace industry? When did his space story start? How did his lover silently support him?On November 5, 2007 at 11:00, the Chang'e-1 lunar exploration satellite completed its first near lunar braking and entered lunar orbit, becoming the first truly Chinese artificial satellite on the lunar surface. At the China Aerospace Flight Command and Control Center, when the news was announced through a loudspeaker, all researchers clapped and cheered, and laughter echoed in the hall for a long time. Since the launch of Chang'e-1 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan on October 24th, every move of Chang'e has touched everyone's heart. Traveling one hundred and fifty, ascending does not necessarily mean success unless entering the designated orbit.China's first lunar exploration satellite Chang'e-1 has been successfully launchedForty years ago, Premier Zhou taught us that science requires a rigorous attitude, and aerospace technology in particular needs to be cautious. At this moment, it fully demonstrates that the first stage of circumnavigating the moon has been officially completed. "An elderly man with graying hair, strong physique, and simple words walked aside thoughtfully, turned his back, and took out a handkerchief to secretly wipe away tears. Who knows, this "quiet" action was recorded by the photographer "quietly" and moved hundreds of millions of Chinese people "quietly".Sun Jiadong wiped away tears(Network diagram)This old man is Sun Jiadong, an academician of the CAS Member, a senior technical consultant of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, one of the winners of China's highest science award in 2009, and known as the "father of Chinese satellites". He has the most say in the legendary experience of China's aviation industry; Because he has spent most of his life dealing with stars and moons, and his experiences are also quite legendary. At the moment of the success of Chang'e-1, Sun Jiadong's tears were proof.The Legend of Stars and Moon: Around the Moon ChapterSun Jiadong shed tears of happiness and deep emotions. Over the past three years since taking over the lunar satellite project, scenes have flashed through my mind like montage. In the summer of 2004, when 75 year old Sun Jiadong was appointed as the chief designer of the lunar circumnavigation project, a friend kindly reminded him, "You're getting old, rest well. This is nerve wracking. If there's a mistake, wouldn't it damage half a lifetime of fame?" His answer to this was straightforward: "As long as the country needs it, I'll do itAlthough that's the case, Sun Jiadong's heart is actually clearer than anyone else: the aerospace industry is a globally recognized high-risk activity, and any problem in any link can bring catastrophic consequences; China used to study near space satellites located tens of thousands of kilometers away from the Earth, and has not yet ventured into deep space exploration. The 380000 kilometer communication and control between the Earth and the Moon alone is a major challenge. After much thought, Sun Jiadong realized that the launch of a moon orbiting satellite would open a door for China's deep space exploration. He once again remembered his youthful vow, "If you have an aviation career, you will risk your life to do it. So, he took a deep breath and secretly made up his mind that he would not be a hero until he reached the Great Wall.Soon, Sun Jiadong poured all his efforts into 'Flying to the Moon'. He travels back and forth to Beijing, Xichang and other places all year round. A pair of worn-out cloth shoes - the lover knew he didn't like to wear leather shoes, so he specially ordered cloth shoes. The flight tickets to Xichang were filled with his hard work. When to launch, when to orbit, when to measure and control... These questions often keep Sun Jiadong up all night.Sun Jiadong is at the Xichang Satellite Launch CenterAnyway, I couldn't sleep in bed, so I just got up and looked up at the sky. One morning at one o'clock, he was in bed thinking about the satellite entering orbit. With that in mind, he gently got up, covered his wife with a blanket, and then strolled to the balcony. At that time, moonlight shone like water in the courtyard and also on the flowers and hair of the elderly. Looking at the moon like a jade disk, Sun Jiadong murmured to himself, "When will the satellite reach you? If I were Chang'e, I would fly up and have a look!" As he teased himself, he silently calculated how to remotely control the lunar exploration satellite. Because in the aviation industry, this is an unsolvable problem; If accurate measurement and control cannot be achieved, accidents may occur. Time passes by minute by minute. When the sky turned white and the moon gradually faded away, his wife came to him lightly and put on his clothes for him. He turned around, smiled apologetically, and then took the cup of water.There is always a return on investment, it's just a matter of time. Under the leadership of Sun Jiadong, the five major systems of the lunar exploration project (rocket, satellite, detection, application, launch range) were successfully carried out, and many aerospace technology problems were easily solved. During the work process, whenever there was a need for someone to make a decision, Sun Jiadong, like when he was young, was brave enough to take on the responsibility. For example, in 2007, there were different opinions among scientists on whether to use the Chang-3A or the more powerful Chang-3B to launch the Chang'e-1 spacecraft. Sun Jiadong discussed with everyone while analyzing: "A system engineering project does not necessarily mean that the most advanced technology and strongest functionality are the best. The key is to see the coordination and matching between systems, and the overall best is the best. The Long March III rocket is known as the 'gold medal rocket', with strong stability and reliability, and the thrust is not the maximum but sufficient. We are going to the moon for the first time, and we must cross use mature and new technologies to ensure the achievement of engineering goals to the greatest extent possible." Sun Jiadong finally made the decision to use the Long March III rocket, and everyone was convinced.Five major system diagrams of Chang'e lunar landingThe launch of China's lunar satellite from 2004 to 2007 was a miracle for the world. As the creator and witness of miracles, Sun Jiadong's legendary experience once again confirms this point.The Satellite Chapter of 'Legend of the Stars and Moon'From 1970 to the present, China Airlines has more than 80 artificial satellites, with an average of 2 satellites per year, including a difficult decade (1970-1980). Behind these numbers, one-third of them are directly related to one name, which is Sun Jiadong. In his life as a "star moon legend", he has many firsts in aviation history: he is one of the pioneers of China's artificial satellite technology and deep space exploration technology, one of the pioneers of China's satellite navigation system, one of the main advocates and engineering leaders of China's lunar exploration, and proposed a three-step implementation plan for China's lunar exploration project. He was the technical director of China's first missile system, first artificial earth satellite, first return satellite, and first geostationary orbit test communication satellite. He was also the chief engineer of the first phase of lunar exploration. He is the chief engineer of China's second-generation application satellites such as communication satellites, meteorological satellites, resource exploration satellites, and Beidou navigation satellites.The most unforgettable experience for Sun Jiadong in his old age is the first stop of the "Star Moon Legend", the world-famous "Dongfanghong" No.1.In 1967, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" work on the agenda. "With the Chinese own satellite, it can't be as big as an egg!" This is what the central leaders headed by Chairman Mao want to see most. That summer, the central government established the China Academy of Space Technology, with scientist Qian Xuesen serving as its president. At that time, Sun Jiadong, who had returned from the Soviet Union, was working on missile research at the First Branch of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense. Qian Xuesen had known about this down-to-earth middle-aged man for a long time and also heard about his outstanding achievements in studying in the Soviet Union. Soon, with the approval of General Qian Xuesen and Marshal Nie Rongzhen, Sun Jiadong was transferred to the newly established Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense as the head of the satellite overall design department. If the country needs it, I will go! "Sun Jiadong didn't hesitate and assumed office with light attire.When it comes to light equipment, it actually refers to the mentality that Sun Jiadong has developed over the years of academic work: despite the seemingly heavy burden, I remain steadfast and unmoved. Under the heavy burden, Sun Jiadong quickly sorted out his thoughts and decided to take three steps: selecting talents, devising plans, and finding people to make decisions.The selection of personnel is the top priority for the launch of satellites, "Qian Xuesen once said. So, starting from the need to develop satellites, Sun Jiadong selected 18 technical personnel from different factions to form the "Satellite Launch Team", which later became known as the "Space 18 Warriors".Once the candidate is selected, how can we proceed with the work? At that time, Zhao Jiuzhang and others had already written a 300 page satellite research topic, but had not fully delved into it yet. Sun Jiadong flipped through the documents and remembered Marshal Nie's Eight Character Policy of "Try to be as simple as possible and ascend to heaven as soon as possible". He decided that he couldn't just focus on documents, let alone make a big deal out of research, because the country couldn't afford to wait. Soon, with the theme of 'Heaven', only over 30 pages of new proposals were released. It is worth mentioning that at that time, the domestic environment was complex and political struggles were severe, making it extremely difficult to achieve this.The final level is to find someone to make a decision. Because this is a national matter that requires the signature and confirmation of the leaders of the Party Central Committee or the Ministry of National Defense; However, due to various reasons, no one dared to make a decision at that time. Sun Jiadong is well aware that the aerospace industry cannot be delayed due to political reasons, but he cannot directly approach the leaders of the State Council. In a moment of desperation, he gritted his teeth and found Liu Huaqing, the deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission. He said bluntly, "Director Liu, you have the most say in this matter now. You know how to sign, you have to sign if you don't understand, otherwise you can't do it." Liu Huaqing looked at Sun Jiadong's resolute eyes and signed the proposal without hesitation.Upon receiving the "military order letter" he had given himself, Sun Jiadong was not at all excited, on the contrary, his heart was quite heavy. Chairman Mao's oath of 'we will not throw away satellites as big as eggs' still lingers in our ears. It has become a fact that satellites from countries such as the Soviet Union, the United States, and France have been launched one after another. Time waits for me, and if it is too late, I will become a' criminal 'of the Chinese nation. With this mindset, Sun Jiadong devoted himself to selfless work.On December 10, 2004, Sun Jiadong visited his mentor Qian XuesenOne day, two days; January and February; One year, two years... on April 24, 1974 at 21:34. The 173kg satellite "Dongfanghong" successfully launched into space, and for the first time in space, the pleasant sound of "Dongfanghong, the sun rises, China has produced a Mao Zedong..." The weight of this satellite is equivalent to the total weight of the first artificial satellites of the Soviet Union, the United States, and France, which cannot be compared to an egg.Success always belongs to those who can withstand loneliness. Sun Jiadong clearly realized that the launch of the first artificial satellite was only the first step of the Long March; The burden on my shoulders is still heavy, and the top priority is to adjust my mindset. On the night of Labor Day, one week later, 17 brave warriors from the "Dongfanghong" Research Institute were invited to Tiananmen Square to watch the ceremony. As the greatest contributor, Sun Jiadong was not invited due to various reasons. Of course, Sun Jiadong did not argue. That night, he bought a sweater for his wife in Tiananmen Square, and then returned home calmly to adjust his mind and prepare for the next step.After Dongfanghong, Sun Jiadong led and participated in the launch of satellites such as Shijian 1, Dongfanghong 2, and Dongfanghong 3. Every satellite launched records a legendary story of Sun Jiadong. These stories will forever be recorded in the aviation history of China. For example, at 11:00 on November 5, 1974, China's first retrievable remote sensing satellite entered the countdown to launch, with only a few tens of seconds left until the final ignition command. However, at this time, the satellite did not receive a signal of "successful conversion to internal power", which means that the rocket will carry a useless iron lump that cannot be powered normally into space. If the normal procedure is followed to report and revoke the launch command step by step, there is simply no time left. At the critical moment, Sun Jiadong shouted loudly, "Stop the launch!" The launch procedure abruptly stopped, but Sun Jiadong fainted due to high nervous tension.Due to Sun Jiadong's outstanding contributions in the field of artificial satellites, the country awarded him the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Merit Medal in 1999; On January 11, 2010, at the National Science and Technology Awards Conference, he was awarded the 2009 National Highest Science and Technology Award by President Hu Jintao; In 2010, CCTV awarded Sun Jiadong the Lifetime Achievement Award for China's Economic Person of the Year; In February 2107, he was selected as one of the Top 10 Touching People of the Year in China for 2016. These are the most fair evaluations of this great scientific figure who dedicated himself to space exploration.

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